Carl Sagan generalized the Kardashev scale to a general function of energy, rather than discrete steps, and showed that Earth is roughly at level 0. According to Sagan's idea, humans would. In 1964, Russian astrophysicist Nikolai Kardashev figured that civilizations can be categorized by the total amount of energy available to them. The Milky Way is about 10 billion years old and 100,000 light-years across. 7. How to say Kardashev in English? Pronunciation of Kardashev with 6 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning, 2 translations and more for Kardashev. It is based on the "amount of energy a civilization. An Intergalactic Culture. For those unaware of the Kardashev scale, it relates to a civilisation and its energy consumption. . There are three types, and humanity has yet to achieve. The intermediary stage, a Type II civilization, is defined as being able to harvest the. The Kardashev Scale is an historic relic. And almost by definition, an advanced civilization's technology is indistinguishable from magic. They will have mastered the new laws of physics and have almost complete control over the fabric of reality. Moreover, in defining a type II civilization as, “harnessing the energy radiated by its own star” (a definition which is, I must observe, impredicative, because it defines an individual in terms of a whole of which it is a part) [3], Kardashev introduces an ambiguity due to the fact that there are stars of many different luminosities and. With a radius of 62 megaparsecs (nearly 330 million light-years across), it is one of. Kardashev saw it as “ a civilization in possession of energy on the scale. However, such a definition is somewhat circular, as the life-A universal translator is a device that uses software to offer an instant translation of any language. Back in the 1960s, a Soviet astronomer named Nikolai Kardashev published a scientific paper in which he categorizes the amount of energy an alien civilization is able to harness, as Space. Knot bad! In other news : I lawaz froget to play the songnation definition: 1. In 1964, Russian astrophysicist Nikolai Kardashev figured that civilizations can be categorized by the total amount of energy available to them. The Kardashev Scale is a very blunt tool for measuring the scale of human technology. Final addendum: This means that Kardashev, after taking power, is actually more technocratic than either Zhdanov or Chelomei, as he separates ideology from scientific progress more. A Type V civilization would be advanced enough to to escape their universe of origin and explore the multiverse. 1. Kardashev’s classification obtains new significance and freshness. The Kardashev Scale has since been expanded with other Types, such as Type 5 or Type Omega. Later, astronomers added two more levels, but we’ll get to those later. In 1964 a Soviet astronomer by the name of Nikolai Kardashev introduced a hypothetical scale that can be used to measure the potential of a civilization based on the amount of energy it can produce…It is from these questions, the Drake equation, and the Kardashev scale that the true paradox was born. Kardashev is a scale for energy use, but that may be a poor metric for the advancement of a civilization. The Kardashev Scale (Russian: Шкала Кардалева, Romanization: Shkala Kardasheva) is a method of measuring the level of technological progress of a civilization based on the amount of energy it can use. . 73. Skip to Main Content. teamwork definition: 1. How do you say kardashev, learn the pronunciation of kardashev in PronounceHippo. Although, by his earlier definition "Harness all power available on a single planet" we are three orders of magnitude lower. [1] [2] The Great Filter is one possible resolution of the Fermi paradox. These have since been expanded by another four (in light of the increasingly wild speculations spawned by. Japan is not a civilization. Difficult. 1 The Definition and Classification of Kardashev Scale As a method to measure and classify the technological advancement of a civilization, Soviet astronomer Nikola Kardashev conceived of the Kardashev Scale in 1964 [1]. Play over 320 million tracks for free on SoundCloud. 74×10 17 W. "II – a civilization capable of harnessing the energy. A Type IV civilization, or K4 civilization harnesses the power of its own supercluster of galaxies, and eventually its universe of origin, and become effectively immortal. Kardashev scale pronunciation: How to pronounce Kardashev scale in English App Pronunciation guide: Learn how to pronounce Kardashev scale in English with native. Energy has been propelling the development of human civilization for millennia, and technologies acquiring energy beyond human and animal power have been continuously advanced and transformed. a country, especially when thought of as a large group of people living in one area with their…. The reason why is Kardashev's actual definition of the three levels: "Here is Kardashev’s original formulation of the three types of civilizations he recognized: "I – technological level close to the level presently attained on the earth, with energy consumption at ~4 x 1019 erg/sec. . For civilizations with Kardashev indexes of 1. Kardashev categorized civilizations into three types: planetary, stellar, and galactic. Contents 1 Definition 2 Current status of human civilization 3 Observational evidence 4 Energy development 4. The distinguished radio astronomer Nikolai Semenovich Kardashev passed away on August 3, 2019 in Moscow. 7. now!) is actually not unreasonable. We do not even know of a type I civilization (humanity can hardly be considered a 0. Meaning of Kardashev. People. Kardashev was not trying to theorize or predict humanity’s future. The Kardashev scale was intended to help direct searches for signals from intelligent beings. If aliens had spaceships that could travel at 1 percent of the speed of light, the galaxy could have already been colonized 1,000 times. Jernegan (1979), retyped to digitize by Candice Waller (2016). Notably. Soviet astronomer Nikolai Kardashev in a work "Transmission of Information by Extraterrestrial Civilizations", published in 1964, proposed the scale of technological development of civilization, based on the amount of energy that civilization is able to utilize, then named Kardashev scale. A type n civilization is capable of using watts of energy at any present moment for Kardashev Scale, without any artificial help from the outside. . ” must share center stage with a progressive, blackened deathcore sound. Once humanity reaches stars it will become more powerful than the plane of existence itself. Mar 20, 2021. The Kardashev scale. The history of humankind is, amongst other things, a history of ever-increasing energy consumption. Ready is an optional tool that outlines the criteria for a team to consider bringing into their sprint. For those civilisations that capture starlight via Dyson sphere like constructions, the Optical to MIR flux ratio of the host galaxies is also. Helena Wells. How do you say kardashev, learn the pronunciation of kardashev in PronounceHippo. And so, if you extrapolate forward from our current energy usage, he figured it would take about 3,200 more years to reach Type II. spheres or Kardashev civilizations is an interesting alternative to conventional SETI. Have a better pronunciation ? Upload it here to share it with the entire community. 7 (logarithmic scale). When discussing topics like The Fermi Paradox, one of the measurements scientists use to classify potential alien civilizations is by using the Kardashev Sca. 3 The concept of Protolia which was put forward by Kevin Kelly provides a good summary. Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; DonateOver the next three tracks, Kardashev gradually turn up the heaviness and brutality, meaning that the post-metal stylings that dominate “A frame. as the definition of artificial meant that the man had eaten sugar, as he had an agreement with his physician, that the higher level of it would be a sign. Sagan also proposed pairing that numerical value with a letter to indicate the cumulative information content of a civilization. Look through examples of Nikolai Kardashev translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. I'm back from DC, having flown into Kansas City around 21:30 CDT and driven home. No extraterrestrial life has yet been conclusively detected. Another improvement that Carl Segan did was add a second axis to the definition of the civilization type. A type 3 harnesses all the energy from every star in an entire galaxy. . Are we looking for Aliens in the wrong placeThe Extended Kardashev Scale. Type 2 can harness 100% of the Sun IIRC, for example. We consume but don't replenish. 2. 7 civilization. This scale is. How to say buffet. Hear more FRENCH FOOD & COOKING words: and learn how to say Charcut. Learn More. Are we looking for Aliens in the wrong place The Extended Kardashev Scale. Here are all the possible pronunciations of the word Kardashev. Earth specifically has an available power of 1. Look through examples of Nikolai Kardashev translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. . History Characters / Kardashev. . The Kardashev scale is a classification system for hypothetical extraterrestrial civilizations. 0, and 3. Type III: Uses the. Simply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word. Of these, Kardashev was among the best known. The scale includes three categories based on how much. 48 civilization can harness about 17 watts of energy, about the power of one manual laborer. How to say Nikolai Kardashev in Russian? Pronunciation of Nikolai Kardashev with 1 audio pronunciation and more for Nikolai Kardashev. He defined t. Kardashev Scale is a system of measuring technological progress which was developed by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Kardashev. 5 when we can not even get that pesky global warming problem under control). txt) or read online for free. Learn MORE CONFUSING NAMES/WORDS: MORE ANATOMY WORDS pronounced: how to say this word/name corre. Kardashev did not include a Type 0 in his original scale, but that’s what we are until we pass the Type I energy threshold, which we’re predicted to do within about 100 years. The Kardashev Scale is useful because, in theory, Type II and Type III civilizations could be detected through astronomical observation. Humanity is yet to reach Type One civilization status. Especially in the past few centuries, innovations in the harnessing of power have catalyzed humanity’s rapid growth 2. Uncovering such an artifact does not require the intentional transmission of a signal on the part of the original civilization. Type 1 – Planetary Civilizations. Reasons for current growth dynamic are a bit complicated, and there are many social factors which are debatable, but the rate of growth from 1900's to 2000's is an observable fact, and is within natural limits easily. The scale is hypothetical, and regards energy consumption on a cosmic scale. a job that involves encouraging people to buy a product or service: 2. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. photosynthesis is generally 0. This was a complicated process in a far from simple period — even the most successful astronomers, physicists. Kardashev Scale definition: A scale that measures the technological level of a civilization by the extent of its energy consumption. I. Por supuesto, eso requeriría una sofisticación altísima, hazaña solo alcanzable por una civilización de tipo V en la escala de Kardashev. In his downtime, he’s invented a whole new genre. Last updated October 31, 2023. Listen to the pronunciation of Kardashev civilization and learn how to pronounce Kardashev civilization correctly. However, these are so far out of our reach that it becomes pointless to even try to comprehend what they. The largest structure now being constructed in space is a Dyson Sphere. Kardashev, in his 1964 article, defined these civilizations as ‘close to Earth in terms of technology’. Simply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word. [en] [en] Deji Ayoola [en] NOAH MCPHERSON [en] KARILYN LARKIN [en] Last updated May 31, 2023. It is likely that such power would come from an individual rather than a civilization, as the civilization. In its early formulation, the Kardashev Scale was based on the overall consumption of energy (assumed equalAbstract: Kardashev Type III civilisations have by definition energy requirements that are likely to generate strong excess emission in the mid-infrared (MIR) that is associated with the waste. So it's entirely hypothetical what it takes to get from one level to another. In 1964, Russian astrophysicist Nikolai Kardashev figured that civilizations can be categorized by the total amount of energy available to them. , coal, oil, natural gas. Listen to the pronunciation of KARDIA and learn how to pronounce KARDIA correctly. Back in 1982 a NASA study suggested that with the technologies already known or relatively easily projected at the time it should be possible to develop a 100-ton "seed" self-replicating factory that could be placed on the. The Kardashev scale is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement based on the amount of energy it is able to use. Paradox Interactive is one of the premier developers and publishers of strategy and management games on PC and consoles. 1 Type I civilization methods 4. When type 1's fights, entire planets shake. "Extraterrestrial life or alien life is life which does not originate from Earth. 2. For all we know humans could reorganize consciousness into a interplanetary network of nanobots, download our brains into computer. S. Using this extrapolation, a "Type 0. Range of civilization activities: Galaxy clusters. Introduction 1. Point 3: Earth's surface area is roughly 5. Some recommended adding classifications that fall between the. It is capable of intergalactic travel via wormholes, intergalactic communication via subspace, galactic engineering and galaxy-scale influence. Matveyenko and N. In 1964, the Kardashev Scale was proposed to quantify the relationship between energy consumption and the development of. . The problem is, they could be argued to be anywhere from type 2. Gary, Jake, Derek, and Sarah together make. 2 Quantitative classification: Kardashev’s scale. Type I's want to become Type II's so they fight over. He defined three levels of civilizations based on their capacity to harness and use power. This gives the Asgardians a Kardashev number of 3. Perhaps Kardashev’s best known contribution was his division of technological civilizations into three types (designated by Roman numerals I, II, and III), and this has been the. The Kardashev scale is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement, based on the amount of energy a civilization is able to use for communication. The Kardashev Scale In 1964, soviet radio astronomer Nikolai Kardashev wrote in his paper titled “Transmission of Information by Extraterrestrial Civilizations” about a classification system. As mentioned in the article, Kardashev does not have to be discrete. By definition, the Kardashev scale measures a civilization's technological advancement based on the amount of energy it is able to use. Dictionary Collections. A Kardashev Type I civilization would be one that is able to harness all the power available on a single. 1. Previously, we talked about a type 6 civilization which was practically a god-like being. Unlike other. This was based on. Look through examples of Nikolai Kardashev translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. (However, some argue that the Kardashev Index’s broad classification cannot necessarily reflect the existence of advanced civilizations accurately because we cannot predict their evolution and behaviors solely based on energy consumption. pdf), Text File (. Aurelius/Shutterstock. Following the Kardashev definition, a Type I civilization is able to store and use all the energy available on its planet. Some say Type I would mean we have developed ways to completely control the weather as well as control flowers growing and some say Type means we will have developed technology to move whole. Learn how to pronounce Kardashev, explore Kardashev's voice pronunciations, and find out the meaning of each letter in Kardashev. Case in point: the Industrial. Various extensions of. yo. See Spanish-English translations with audio pronunciations, examples, and word-by-word explanations. ) Guillermo A. All this assumes that a Type I civilization can be sustained as well, rather than backsliding into an earlier state, something that human history suggests is by no means assured. Type 0, civilisation - A type zero civilisation is a concept added later to the original scale of Kardashev , that measures the advancement of planetary civilisations based on the uses of energy. Definitions for. Humanity did not manage to fully obtain Type 1 status until early in the 24th century, merely a century after the reliance on. A Type III civilization extracts fusion and exotic energy, information, and raw-materials from their galaxy. Previously, we talked about a type 4 civilization and some of its features. Avium - Discover the world of the future with Avium, a role-playing adventure game where you can enjoy an open world, deep story and future technology. Last updated November 09, 2023. The issue is that whether something is a civilization or not depends upon it's level of advancement, even the human definition of civilization uses it; which means you are a priori assuming that some system or species is advanced and then. I personally think the Bob's ate probably a 2. The scale fails to talk about the efficiency of energy consumption. The Kardashev Scale Is Computation Ready. Keywords: Kardashev Scale; civilization; energy consumption and supply 1. Life Story; News;The purpose of this article is to define intelligence from the perspective of sapient races, with the potential to evolve, and look at how artificial intelligence can be used as a supplement for sapience. Humanity is becoming a Type 2 civilisation on the Kardashev scale. No. The level of technological development of any civilization can be gauged in large part by the amount of energy it produces for its use, but also encompasses that civilization’s stewardship of its home world. Definition of Kardashev in the Definitions. Kardashev(1964) introduced a classification scheme for ETCs based on the energy available to them. If you choose to subscribe, you can expect to see daily reviews on the latest in rock, pop. This approximates a civilization using all the energy available from its home planet, but that means both in terms of indigenous planetary resources as well as incoming stellar. Listen to the pronunciation of Kardeh and learn how to pronounce Kardeh correctly. Have a better pronunciation ? Upload it here to share it with the entire community. Hear the CLASSY pronunciation of all the Top Luxury brands, including Louis Vuitton: how to you get the pronunciation of Bvlga. How do you say Kardashev? Listen to the audio pronunciation of Kardashev on pronouncekiwiHow to say Kardashev in Russian? Pronunciation of Kardashev with 1 audio pronunciation, 1 meaning, 1 translation and more for Kardashev. Learn more. The heart's desire number, or soul number, is yet another aspect of numerology. Definition of Kardashev in the Definitions. A planetary civilization or global civilization is a civilization of Type I on the Kardashev scale. Last updated October 31, 2023. Originally, he only imagined as far as three levels in short I believe this is how they go. ] Type 1 Civilisations are able to harness all of the energy available on their home planet. Simply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word. It has 3 base classes, each. A Type I civilization's energy consumption level is roughly equivalent to the. See Spanish-English translations with audio pronunciations, examples, and word-by-word explanations. The. WikiMatrix In 1963 Nikolai Kardashev proposed that the then-unidentified radio source could be evidence of a Type II or III extraterrestrial civilization on the. The traditional definition of intelligence is here. According to Merriam-Webster, similar to what C. Watch this video to learn how to correctly pronounce, Vladimir, Ivan, Igor, Boris and Grigori. The level of technological development of any civilization can be gauged in large part by the amount of energy it produces for its use, but also encompasses that civilization’s stewardship of its home world. I'll modestly call it the. 25 April 1932–03 August 2019. “Our cognitive and perceptual categories, given to us prior the individual experience, are adapted to the environment for the same reason…Introduction. to: %% * GettingCrapPastThe Radar: Due to overwhelming and persistent misuse, GCPTR is on-page examples only until 01. Planetary Civilizations, referred to as Type 1 according to the Kardashev Scale, can control and use all energy sources on the planet. 1) [This story is going to be an expanded version of my previous short story. The amount of energy a civilization consumes will define where it falls on the Kardashev Scale. Kardashev is a person who is full of love. There are three types, and humanity has. 74×10 17 W. Check 'Nikolai Kardashev' translations into Finnish. Kardashev pronunciation - How to properly say Kardashev. Have a better pronunciation ? Upload it here to share it with the entire community. This video shows you How to Pronounce Yevgeny Prigozhin (Russian), pronunciation guide. Pronunciation of kardashev The next section reviews Kardashev’s classification and its implications. com kardashev pronunciation with translations, sentences, synonyms, meanings, antonyms, and more. 2 Quantitative classification: Kardashev’s scale. Following the Kardashev definition, a Type I civilization is able to store and use all the energy available on its planet. The Kardashev scale is a general method of classifying how technologically advanced a civilization is, first proposed in 1964 by the Russian astronomer Nikolai Kardashev. kardashev pronunciation with translations, sentences, synonyms, meanings, antonyms, and more. The Corrino Imperium meets the definition of a Type 2 civlization with brute force numbers. Proposed by the Soviet astronomer Nikolai Kardashev in 1964, the. A page for describing Characters: Kardashev. Kardashev's original definition was 4 × 10 12 W — a. Based on our assumptions: A Type 0 civilization has a Kardashev number less than 1. Learn more. Pronunciation of Kardashev with and more for Kardashev. SoundCloud The Kardashev Scale by GreydonSquare published on 2010-08-04T18:01:23Z. (I should note that I didn’t factor in the distance the wormhole bridges, which could have a dramatic effect on its final energy requirements. provided they follow the laws of physics as we know them. Simply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word. ". Based solely on energy harvesting capacities, it classified civilizations on their ability to tap the. According to this definition, we are not even a Type 1 civilization. 2 Type II civilization methods 4. the activity of working together in a group with other people, especially when this is…. A Kardashev -0. Walkinshadows. Type 2 might explain all the dark matter in the universe, but that would mean there are a hell of a lot of advanced civilizations, and interstellar travel and. According to the Kardashev scale, any civilisation which exceeds a 2. Shook, Liz Stillwaggon Swan, Transformers and Philosophy: More than Meets the Mind, Open Court, →ISBN, page 10: Let us think of an ethical scale for civilizations in the same spirit as the Kardashev scale. Compare that with our current energy expenditure, which in 2018 was measured by the International Energy Agency to be 1. By definition, the Kardashev scale measures a civilization's technological advancement based on the amount of energy it is able to use. Management is how businesses organize and direct workflow, operations, and employees to meet company goals. Many companies are in various states of “gone digital. In this study, we develop a. Kardashev (25. stakeholder definition: 1. The Kardashev scale is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement, based on the amount of energy a civilization is able to utilize. When discussing topics like The Fermi Paradox, one of the measurements scientists use to classify potential alien civilizations is by using the Kardashev Sca. The Kardashev scale is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement based on the amount of energy it is able to use. 08. For our daily lives, our prosperity, and all our luxury, we need a lot of energy. The expression number, also known as the destiny number of the name Kardashev is 8. kardashev pronunciation with translations,. Searching for Kardashev Type III civilisations from high q-value sources in the LoTSS-DR1 value-added catalogue, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Kardashev, in his 1964 article, defined these civilizations as ‘close to Earth in terms of technology’. Read. Kardashev ölçeği, medeniyetleri enerji hasadına göre Tip 1’den Tip 3’e kadar sıralıyor. Definition. One of the biggest hurdles a civilization faces in order to progress on Kardashev’s scale is to create a Dyson Sphere or some equivalent. 1. You just need to send out clanking replicators to build solar panels swarms around every star, you dont actually need to do anything productive with the power. Under the pseudonym of Kardavox Academy, he reacts to extreme metal bands from Zeal And Ardor to Slaughter To Prevail, unpicking the technique and talent behind what so many lambast as “just screaming”. A solid organizational structure serves as a guide for workers and establishes the tone and focus of their work. Simply select a language and press on the speaker button to. Add a translation. Just dawned on me how far we are from a type 1 civilization [emoji79] California is burning to a crisp, record breaking El Niño forming as we speak, warmest July on record. What if Kardashev Was Wrong? The Soviet astrophysicist Nikolai Kardashev devised the Kardashev Scale back in the 1960s, as a way to determine how advanced a civilization is or could be. The Kardashev scale is a way of classifying how technologically advanced a civilization is. This Scale included: Type I. It has since been. Kardashev – Liminal Rite Review. The scale has been refined and. In 1964, Kardashev defined three levels of civilizations, based on the order of magnitude of power available to them:. 0. Section 6 summarizes this work. They could recognize up to 40,000 words with 95% accuracy. An average of. Definition. Bringing people together for a common cause or to solve disagreements is part of your skills. Type 2: Can harness energy at the scale. The primary goal of management is to create an environment that lets employees work efficiently and productively. g. Space is good, space is based - in fact it's the most based thing in the world. The ongoing growth of AI has allowed the manipulation of matter on scales barely dreamed of before. Now, humanity is. How to say Kardashev Scale in English? Pronunciation of Kardashev Scale with 1 audio pronunciation and more for Kardashev Scale. I can see two somewhat different ways to get to. When type 2's fight, entire systems are wiped clean in their wake. The expression number, also known as the destiny number of the name Kardasheva is 9. Besides FTL travel and communications (both of which would be high K scale techs), most of the other techs are below Type 2. The scale was originally designed in 1964 by the Russian astrophysicist Nikolai Kardashev (who was looking for signs of extraterrestrial life within cosmic signals). A type VII or K7 civilization would travel, transcend and potentially encompass the omniverse which is the collection of every single universe, multiverse, megaverse, paraverse, 11d dimension and 1st realm (reality). ↔ Et pour reprendre ce que Nikolai. The Kardashev scale is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement. A Type I species is able to harness the same amount of stellar energy that reaches its home planet. If you haven’t. Kardashev. Starting from a functional definition of civilization, based on the immutability of physical laws and using the human. This page was last edited on 9 July 2022, at 21:27. The second is to estimate how much output a starship has, then the number of planets and making adjustments for small ships and. It was proposed in 1964 by Nikolai Kardashev and modified in 1973 by Carl Sagan, which is the scale we use. Case in point: the Industrial. [1]. We don't have any alternate spellings or pronunciation information on the Kardashev name. It would be extremely naive to posit that out of all of the hundreds of billions of galaxies in the. The Corrino Imperium meets the definition of a Type 2 civlization with brute force numbers. Learn more. In some Kardashev Scale variants, a Type V is merely called "godlike" and is not defined at all, because it would be impossible for. The amount of energy a civilization consumes will define where it falls on the Kardashev Scale. A Kardashev scale for interfaces. g. A Type I or K1 civilization has mastered all the energy available to their home planet, available from a neighboring star. Became a member of the Communist Party in 1897. On the kardashev scale what class do you think they are? In real life humans are around 0. Kardashev 0 harnesses 1e6 watts (1 megawatt), about 60,000 manual laborers. pdf), Text File (. The Kardashev scale ranks civilizations based on the amount of energy it is able to use. Numerology is a practice that assigns numerical values to letters in a name to determine the significance of the name. 1 Thinking about the future of civilization will help us grasp the definition of civilization. In classifying prospective ETIs, the Kardashev scale pioneered by the late Nikolai Kardashev has proven to be a valuable metric (Kardashev 1964; Gray 2020). A Type I civilization uses all available resources impinging on its home planet, Type II harnesses all the energy of. 1. METAPHOR definition: 1. This definition of civilization implies that its activity is a means of implementing the functions mentioned in the definition,. The scale is only theoretical and in terms of an actual civilization highly speculative; however, it puts energy consumption of an entire civilization in a cosmic perspective.